Access technology refers to tools, devices, software, and systems that enable people who are blind or visually impaired to independently access information, navigate physical and digital environments, communicate effectively, and perform everyday tasks. These technologies reduce or remove visual barriers by transforming visual information into alternative formats such as speech, braille, tactile output, or auditory cues. The purpose of access technology is not only usability, but full participation in education, employment, community life, and independent living.
Access technology encompasses a wide range of solutions that support different levels of vision, hearing ability, personal preference, and goals. Common categories include:
- Screen Readers: Software such as JAWS, NVDA, and VoiceOver that converts on-screen text and interface elements into synthesized speech or refreshable braille output, allowing full navigation of computers, smartphones, and web content without sight.
- Screen Magnification: Digital magnifiers and software that enlarge text, icons, and interface elements to support individuals with low vision.
- Refreshable Braille Displays: Hardware devices that dynamically present digital text in tactile braille, enabling silent reading, editing, and navigation.
- Optical and Digital Magnification Devices: Stand-alone or camera-based systems, including CCTV magnifiers, used to enlarge printed materials, handwriting, and physical objects.
- Object Recognition and Visual Interpretation Tools: Artificial intelligence and optical character recognition (OCR) technologies that identify objects, read printed text aloud, describe scenes, and interpret visual information in real time.
Access technology ensures equitable access to information, communication, education, employment, and independent living for individuals who are blind or visually impaired.